Ghalib by Raza Mir

Author:Raza Mir
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789353057022
Publisher: Penguin Random House India Private Limited
Published: 2019-11-04T16:00:00+00:00

Urdu in Nineteenth-Century Lucknow

The nineteenth century saw polemical battles between Lucknawi writers and their Delhi counterparts for supremacy, each faction claiming that their work represented Urdu traditions better. Lucknow was blessed by the presence of Mir Babar Ali Anees (1803–74) and Mirza Salaamat Ali Dabeer (1804–75), two poets with such incredible command over poetry that they are arguably the greatest exponents of Urdu poetry ever to have lived. Their work has tended to be undervalued somewhat because both of them wrote almost exclusively within the bounds of their religious tradition, principally composing marsiyas or elegies commemorating the events of Karbala and the travails of the family of the Prophet Mohammad. According to the literary critic Muhammad Husain Azad, Anees may have composed 10,000 elegies, while Dabeer wrote around 3000. Considering that each poem had an average of around 600 lines, this is a staggering output.

Anees and Dabeer were the stalwarts of the Lucknow scene, but they weren’t the only ones. Imad Bakhsh Nasih (1776–1838) is credited with founding what is now considered the Lucknow school of Urdu poetry. His contemporary and rival Khwaja Haider Ali Aatish (1764–1846) was a great poet in his own right, as was Daya Shankar Kaul Nasim (1811–43), who wrote the epic Gul Bakawali, among several others.

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